Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. When on the society site, please use the credentials provided by that society.If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal: Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways: If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian. If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.Įnter your library card number to sign in. Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic.When on the institution site, please use the credentials provided by your institution.Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in.Click Sign in through your institution.Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.Ĭhoose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Eccles Health Sciences Library, University of Utah, 10 N 1900 E SLC, UT 84112-5890Ĭopyright 2019.Get help with access Institutional accessĪccess to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. Eccles Health Sciences Library, University of Utah Neuro-ophthalmology Virtual Education Library: NOVEL ![]() So positive visual phenomenon mostly migraine. And you got to differentiate it from photopisas which is just, "I see a flashing light" which is almost always a retinal sign. So if you just knew these three main categories, entoptic phenomenon, migraine aura or an occipital seizure, that's most of the positive phenomena that we see. Lasts seconds at a time they might have mental status changes or generalized. So small colored circles seconds at a time, bilateral, simultaneous, that is almost always occipital in origin and occipital seizures is what we're going to be worried about. In contrast, occipital seizure is usually not this jagged line It usually lasts seconds at a time and its geometric, small, little circles. So a bilateral, geometric, fortification, scintillating, colored or flashing scotoma that starts small and gets bigger lasts about 20 minutes and the headache follows that's going to be compatible with migraine. There might be colors in it and the colors might be flashing off and on and that's what we call a scintillation scotoma. The key differentiating features is the geometric nature of the phenomenon which we call a fortification scotoma because it looked like an old fort would look like in the old days and it typically starts small and gets bigger and moves across the visual field. If its bilateral we'd like to know the character of the phenomenon and migraine is a super common bilateral simultaneous and often hemianoptic positive visual phenomenon. So unilateral we've been thinking about entoptic phenomenon, flashing lights. So the retina cannot make a formed visual image, so it either makes flashing lights or nothing, that's pretty much what it can do. So patients with retinal detachments or posterior detachments or floaters might say I see a flashing light. Ent mean in and optic means eye and the most common causes of entoptic phenomena are vitreous traction, posterior vitreous detachment, retinal detachment. The most common unilateral visual positive phenomena that we have is called entoptic phenomena. In general, if its unilateral its in the eye and if its bilateral its in your brain. We like to know if its one eye or two eyes. And when patients complain about positive visual phenomena it's good to ask them to draw it. ![]() A flashing light, a jagged line, something like that. ![]() So positive visual phenomenon the patient will say I see something. So we are going to be covering positive visual phenomenon. ![]() Lee lectures medical students on positive visual phenomena. Pathology, Signs and Symptoms, Migraines, Seizuresĭr. Lee, MD, Chairman, Department of Ophthalmology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX Professor of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine Peter Wojcik, Baylor College of Medicine Class of 2020 Positive Visual Phenomena I: Entopic, Migraine Occipital SeizuresĪndrew G. Positive_visual_phenomenon_Part_I_Entoptic_Migraine_Occipital_Seizures
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